4K YONDASHUV ASOSIDA BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QUVCHILARINING TANQIDIY FIKRLASHINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA STEAM ELEMENTLARINING O‘RNI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66345/stj.v4i1.4747Keywords:
4K, STEAM, tanqidiy fikrlash, boshlang‘ich ta’lim, integratsiya, loyiha faoliyati, formatif baholash.Abstract
Ushbu maqolada 4K (kommunikatsiya, kollaboratsiya, kreativlik, tanqidiy fikrlash) yondashuvi asosida boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida tanqidiy fikrlashni rivojlantirishda STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematics) elementlarining o‘rni ilmiy asosda yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda STEAMga xos integrativ topshiriqlar (muammo yechish, tajriba, konstruksiya, modellashtirish, dizayn va refleksiya) orqali o‘quvchilarning dalillash, taqqoslash, xulosa chiqarish, sabab–oqibatni aniqlash, “nima uchun?” va “qanday?” savollariga mantiqiy javob berish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish mexanizmlari tahlil qilinadi. Metodik jihatdan dars jarayonida loyiha va mini-tadqiqotlar, guruhli ish, muammoli vaziyat, rubrikalar asosida baholash hamda formatif feedbackdan foydalanish tavsiya etiladi. Kutilayotgan natija sifatida o‘quvchilarning tanqidiy fikrlash ko‘rsatkichlari (dalil sifati, yechimning mantiqiyligi, refleksiya darajasi) oshishi va fanlararo bog‘liqlik asosida o‘qishga qiziqish kuchayishi asoslab beriladi.
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